doi:?10.1200/JCO.2013.52.4694. (ps) of 3 or less and survival for more than 30 days from the last PD1 Ab treatment. Post-progression survival (pps) was assessed by landmark analysis. Baseline characteristics associated with pps were identified by multivariable analysis. Results Of 94 patients getting together with the eligibility criteria, 33 received st after progression. In 75.6%, a PD1 Ab was received as first- or second-line treatment. The most common sts were erlotinib (36.4%) and docetaxel (27.3%). No statistically significant difference in median pps was observed between patients who did and did not receive st within 30 days of their last PD1 Ab treatment (6.9 months vs. 3.6 months, log-rank = 0.15.) In multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased pps included an ecog ps of 0 or 1 compared with 2 or 3 3 [hazard ratio (hr): 0.42; 95% confidence interval (ci): 0.24 to 0.73; = 0.002] and any response compared with no response to PD1 Ab (hr: 0.54; 95% ci: 0.33 to 0.90; = 0.02). Conclusions In this cohort, only 35.1% of patients eligible for postCPD1 Ab therapy received st. Post-progression survival was not Succimer significantly affected by receipt of post-progression therapy. Prospective trials are needed to clarify the benefit of postCPD1 Ab treatments. mutations, the benefit of erlotinib in wild-type tumours is usually uncertain9. There is potential for synergy between chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors in ansclc. When chemotherapy is usually administered before a Succimer checkpoint inhibitor, augmentation of the antitumour response is usually thought to occur through disruption of stroma, increased neoantigen processing, and suppression of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells10C14. As a frontline treatment, platinum-based chemotherapy combined with pembrolizumab, compared with chemotherapy alone, is usually associated with improved os15,16. That synergy could possibly persist when chemotherapy is usually given after a checkpoint inhibitor because of a priming effect on T cells or the long half-life of PD1 Abs. Indeed, a retrospective analysis of 28 patients conducted by Schvartsman = 271). Intravenous (iv) nivolumab was administered at 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks; iv pembrolizumab was administered at 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Chart reviews were conducted by 1 of 6 lung medical oncologists and subsequently by DK to ensure consistency. Patient records were reviewed from initial lung cancer diagnosis to December 2018. The protocol was approved by the University of British Columbia Research Ethics Board. Clinical characteristics abstracted from the chart were the patients ecog performance status (ps) at the time of progression on PD1 Ab; score around the Charlson comorbidity index at the time of initial consultation19; cancer histology; presence of mutation and rearrangement; PD-L1 expression by the immunohistochemical Dako 22C3 pharmDx assay (Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA, U.S.A.); number of PD1 Ab doses administered; development and management of immune-related adverse events (iraes) as identified by the treating health care practitioner; grade of the iraes (abstractor-assigned grade per the = 202) to determine those potentially suitable for additional treatment. Survival Assessments Overall survival was defined as the time from the first postCPD1 Ab treatment until death or last follow-up; progression-free survival (pfs) was measured from the date of postCPD1 Ab therapy initiation to date of failure on subsequent st, last-follow-up, or death (whichever came first). Post-progression survival was measured from the date of the last PD1 Ab treatment to death or last follow-up. Statistical Analysis Clinical and tumour characteristics are summarized using descriptive statistics. Categorical variables are reported as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables, as median and ranges. Survival curves were generated using the KaplanCMeier method and groups were compared using the log-rank test. Median follow-up was calculated in two ways: as the simple median Succimer of all survival times (ignoring censoring), and using the reverse KaplanCMeier SNF2 method23, which provides an estimate of the potential follow-up. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with 1-month landmark analysis24 were used to determine associations between clinical characteristics and pps. Patients were separated into groups based on whether they had received st before the landmark time. Because the eligibility criteria had stipulated that patients must survive at least 30 days after the last PD1 Ab treatment, no patients were excluded from the landmark.